What is Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common type of heart disease. It happens when the arteries that supply blood to your heart become blocked or narrowed. This is often due to a buildup of cholesterol and other substances. As a result, your heart may not get enough oxygen-rich blood. In the United States, CAD is a leading cause of heart attacks and chest pain. Many people call it blocked arteries or hardening of the arteries. Early signs can be mild, but the condition can become serious over time.

Common Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease

Many people with coronary artery disease do not notice symptoms at first. However, as the disease gets worse, signs may appear. It is important to watch for these symptoms:

Chest pain or discomfort (angina), especially during activity

Shortness of breath

Feeling tired or weak

Pain in the neck, jaw, shoulder, or back

Heart attack, which can cause severe chest pain, sweating, and nausea

Sometimes, symptoms are mild or come and go. But if you notice chest pain or trouble breathing, seek medical help right away. Early treatment can prevent serious problems.

Major Causes and Risk Factors

Coronary artery disease develops over many years. Several factors can increase your risk. Knowing these can help you take steps to protect your heart. The main causes and risk factors include:

High cholesterol levels

High blood pressure

Smoking tobacco

Diabetes or high blood sugar

Being overweight or obese

Lack of physical activity

Unhealthy diet, especially one high in saturated fats

Family history of heart disease

Older age

For example, people who smoke or have diabetes are at higher risk. But making healthy choices can lower your chances of getting CAD.

How Coronary Artery Disease is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to find out if you have coronary artery disease. Early diagnosis can help prevent heart attacks and other problems. Common tests include:

Physical exam and review of your medical history

Blood tests to check cholesterol and blood sugar

Electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure heart activity

Stress test, which checks your heart during exercise

Imaging tests like echocardiogram or CT scan

Coronary angiography, where dye and X-rays show blocked arteries

Doctors may use one or more of these tests to confirm CAD. If you have symptoms, do not wait to get checked.

Treatment Options for Coronary Artery Disease

Treatment for coronary artery disease depends on how severe it is. The main goals are to improve blood flow and lower your risk of heart attack. Treatment options include:

Lifestyle changes, such as eating healthy and exercising

Medicines to lower cholesterol, blood pressure, or prevent blood clots

Procedures like angioplasty, which opens blocked arteries

Stent placement to keep arteries open

Coronary artery bypass surgery for severe cases

Doctors will help you choose the best treatment plan. Sometimes, a mix of medicines and procedures is needed. According to the CDC, early treatment can save lives and prevent heart damage.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

Although you cannot change some risk factors, you can take steps to lower your chances of coronary artery disease. Here are some tips:

Eat a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Limit foods high in saturated fat, salt, and sugar

Exercise regularly, at least 30 minutes most days

Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke

Keep a healthy weight

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Get regular check-ups and monitor your blood pressure and cholesterol

Even small changes can make a big difference. For instance, walking daily or choosing healthier snacks can help your heart.

In summary, coronary artery disease is a serious but manageable condition. Early detection and healthy habits can protect your heart. Consult a cardiologist for personalized advice on coronary artery disease.